For the context of this debate, the positivist and progressive approaches refer to legal frameworks used to apply the law. The positivist approach is implemented through strict adherence to codified rules and procedures established by a legitimate authority, where a law is followed exactly as written even if it is considered unfair. In contrast, the progressive approach is implemented by prioritizing the public sense of justice over rigid codes, where a verdict is based on what is deemed to be just in society even if the reasoning is unwritten in formal statutes.

For the context of this debate, in January 2026, President Prabowo Subianto officially joined the Board of Peace (BoP) during its inauguration in Davos. Initiated by Donald Trump, BoP is an international body tasked with mediating ongoing conflicts, especially the rebuilding and stabilization of Gaza, through direct negotiations and large-scale reconstruction efforts. Despite the initial commitment, Indonesia is currently facing intense and escalating pressure to withdraw from the board immediately.